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Na Byukusenge Annonciata
Taliki ya 14 Werurwe 2020 nibwo Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yatangaje ko hagaragaye umuntu wa mbere wanduye covid19, akaba yari umuturage ufute inkomoko mu buhinde wari uje mu Rwanda, byatumye guverinoma ifata ingamba zikomeye harimo guhagarika ibikorwa byose bihuza abantu benshi mu rwego rwo gukumira no kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo cya covid19.
U Rwanda rwahise ruba igihugu cya kabiri kigaragayemo umurwayi wa covid19 muri Afrika y’uburasirazuba, nyuma y’ igihugu cya Kenya.
Taliki ya 21 Werurwe 2020, inama y’abaminisitiri yateraniye muri Village Urugwiro iyobowe na Perezida Kagame, yafashe ingamba z’uko igihugu cyose kigomba kujya muri gahunda ya #GumaMuRugo, akaba nta muntu wemerewe gusohoka iwe mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 keretse abakora mu nzego z’ubuzima.
Ibindi mu byari bikubiye muri ibi byemezo by’inama y’abaminisitiri, ni uko abakozi ba leta n’abo mu bigo by’abikorera bagombaga gukorera mu rugo bagatanga serivisi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Ingendo zari zibujijwe hagati y’uturere, intara n’umujyi wa Kigali. Abari bemerewe kugenda ni ababaga batwaye ibicuruzwa birimo ibiribwa n’ibikoresho by’isuku kandi bakaba bafite icyangombwa gitangwa na Polisi ko bagomba gutambuka.
Mu rwego rwo gusobanurira abanyarwa ibijyanye n’izi Ngamba zari zafashwe, Minisitiri w’intebe Edouard Ngirente yavuze ko “gufunga biri mu Ngamba zo kurwanya coronavirus (COVID-19) yangije isi kandi u Rwanda rumaze kugaragaramo abantu 17 bayanduye. Niyompamvu imipaka yose y’igihugu izafungwa mu byumweru bibiri biri imbere.”
Kubera izo ngamba, abantu bamwe babuze akazi, cyane cyane abakora imirimo ya nyakabyizi (ibahemba ku munsi) barimo abagore bo mu karere ka Nyuguru, umurenge wa Ruramba mu kagari ka Giseke. Aba bagore bahisemo gukora Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa mu rwego rwo kubungabunga amashyamba kuko babonaga hagiye gukoreshwa inkwi nyinshi bitewe n’uko abantu batabonaga uko bajya gushaka inkwi zo gucana ahandi hatari mu ishyamba.
Ikindi ni uko batekerezaga ko bishobora kubabera indi nzira yo kubonamo amafaranga kuko akazi bakoraga kari kahagaze.
Nyaruguru ni akarere kamwe m’uturere tugize intara y’Amajyepfo, gafite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare (Km2)1010. Nyaruguru izwiho cyane Kibeho nk’ubutaka butagatifu, ubuhinzi bw’Icyayi, Ikawa, Ingano, Ibirayi. Nyaruguru igizwe n’imirenge cumi n’Ine (14). Mu Ibarura ry’Abaturage 2022-08-15, ryagaragaje ko Nyaruguru ifite abaturage 318.126, barimo abaturage bo mu mijyi ni 7,641 naho abatuye mu cyaro ni 310.485.
Aba bagore bari basanzwe bafite ubumenyi bwo kubumba amatafari mato yo kubakisha. Nyuma yo kumenyeshwa ibijyanye no kubungabunga amashyamba muri Gashyantare 2020, batangiye kubaka amashyiga gakondo agabanya ibicanwa bakayubaka mu ngo zabo kugirango babungabunge amashyamba.
Muri Gashyantare 2020, ubuyobozi bwa Union des Coopératives Agricoles Intégrées / Ihuriro ry’amakoperative y’ubuhinzi (UNICOOPAGI) ku bufatanye na TROCARE, bwarabegereye bubabwira ko bashobora kubongerera ubumenyi bakaba babumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa zigezweho, zishobora gukoresha amakara n’inkwi ndetse ikaba yanimukanwa.
Aba bagore bahawe amahugurwa mu gihe cy’icyumweru ndetse bakora n’imyitozongiro kugirango bizere ko bamenye kubumba Imbabura zigezweho.
Nyirahorana Viviane, ni umugore uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 60 y’amabvuko. avuga ko gahunda ya guma mu rugo yatumye batekereza ku kubungabunga amashyamba, batangira kubumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa kugirango bigabanye inkwi zakoreshwaga muri icyo gihe.
Ati: “Twahuguwe ku bijyanye no kubungabunga amashyamba kandi twungutse ubumenyi ku bijyanye no kubumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa. Mu gihe cya guma mu rugo muri Werurwe na Mata 2020, nibutse ko nzi kubumba zirondereza ibicanwa kandi ko nshobora kubikora nkinjiza kuko nabuze akazi nakoraga mu mujyi wacu wa Kibeho ndetse nkaba ntanze n’umusanzu mu kubungabunga amashyamba. Nabumbye Imbabura ya mbere, ariko ntabwo yari ifite isura Nziza kuko nari maze kubyibagirwa. Ariko ntabwo nacitse intege, nakomeje kubumba izindi kugeza mbonye ko mbumbye Imbabura Nziza. Amashyiga nabumbaga zakoreshaga inkwi. ”
Amaze kubona ko bishoboka, yahamagaye bagenzi be ababwira uburyo bagomba kwishakamo ibisubizo bagashaka uko babona amafaranga. Bashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo batangira kubumba Imbabura, ariko ntabwo babonye uko bazigurisha kubera ko hari muri gahunda ya guma mu rugo.
Nyirahorana yongeyeho ko mu gihe cya guma mu rugo babumbye Imbabura 300 nubwo batabonye isoko ngo bahite bazigurisha nk’uko babitekerezaga ubwo batangiraga kuzibumba, ariko intego yabo yo kubungabunga amashyamba yagezwho kuko nyuma ya guma mu rugo barazigurishije bituma ingano y’inkwi abaturage bakoreshaga bazikuye mu mashyamba zigabanuka.
Ati: “Nyuma ya guma mu rugo twakoze ubukanguramba ku kubungabunga ibidukikije by’umwihariko amashyamba. Twibandaga ku bagore kuko aribo bagita uruhare runini mu gushaka inkwi zo gucana. Twatangiriye ku baturanyi bacu kuko bari bamaze basobanukiwe akamaro ko kubungabunga amashyamba. Imbabura zacu zarashimwe ndetse ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Nyuguru, binyuze mu murenge wa Ruramba, bwadusabye kubumba amashyiga ahabwa abatishoboye bo mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cy’ubudehe kuko badashobora kuyigura.”
Imbabura imwe igura ibihumbi bitatu (3000 frws) harimo no kuyubaka, ariko iyo umuntu adashaka ko tuyimwubakira, ayigura igihumbi (1000 frws) kuko kuyubakira ngo nibyo bigora.
Ati: “Kubera ko UNICOOPAGI yari yaduhaye imashini izadufasha kubumba Imbabura zigezwho zikoresha amakara cyangwa inkwi, twahise dutangira kuzibumba kubera ko twari tumaze kubona isoko ry’aho kuzigurisha.”
Kugeza ubu, babumba Imbabura zigezweho zikoresha amakara cyangwa inkwi, kandi umuntu ashobora kugura biterwa n’umubare w’imbabura akeneye kuko ushobora no kuyimukana.
Mugenzi we Uwizeyimana Immaculée, ni umugore afite umuryango w’ abantu batatu. Yavuze ko nyuma yo kumenya akamaro ko kubungabunga amashyamba, yitabiriye kujya mu itsinda ryita ku bidukikije nka rwiyemezamirimo kuko bimwinjiriza amafaranga.
Ati: “Natangiye kubumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa mu gihe cya guma mu rugo. Ubu nzi kuzibumba kandi byanambereye ubucuruzi, nkaba nishimira ko ndi umugore utanga umusanzu mu kubungabunga amashyamba. Mbere yo gukora ibi, ninjiza amafaranga ibihumbi 20 (20.000 frws) buri kwezi, ariko ubu ninjiza hagati y’ibihumbi 50 na 60 (50.000 frws-60.000 frws) ku kwezi.”
Bavuga ko hari inyungu babona mu kwitabira itsinda amatsinda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije
Nyiraminani Isabelle ni umukobwa uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 23 y’amavuko, uba mu matsinda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. avuga ko yabonye inyungu kuva yakwifatanga n’abandi muri iri tsinda.
Ati: “Ninjiye muri iri tsinda mu 2021. Naje nta kintu na kimwe mfite habe n’amafaranga. Natangiye niga kubumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa no guhabwa amakuru ku kamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije by’umwihariko amashyamba. Ubu nkora ubukangurambaga mu rubyiruko bagenzi banjye by’umwihariko abakobwa kugirango dufatanye gukangurira abandi akamaro ko kubungabunga amashyamba nk’abagore b’ejo hazaza kandi babashe no kubona amafaranga kuko nayo turayakeneye. Ubu imyumvire yanjye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije yarahindutse rwose.”
Uwizeyimana Immaculée avuga kandi uburyo imibereho mu muryango we yahindutse nyuma yo kwinjira mu itsinda ribungabunga ibidukikije.
Ati: “Mbere yo kwinjira muri iri tsinda, ntabwo nabashaga kwiyishyurira ubwisungane mu kwivuza ku muryango wanjye nk’uko nabivuze haruguru. Ariko guhera 2021 Nishyura mituweli yanjye n’abandi nkabishyurira kandi ku gihe kuko mfite amafaranga yanjye bwite. Nshobora kwigurira imyambaro, nkagurira abana ndetse byaba ngombwa nkagurira n’umugabo wanjye.”
Uwumuremyi Solange, ni umuturanyi wa Nyirahorana Viviane. avuga uburyo kuva yatangira gukoresha Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa, ingano y’inkwi yakoreshaga yagabanutse.
Ati: “Mbere yo gukoresha izi mbabura zirondereza ibicanwa, nakoreshaga imiba itanu y’inkwi igihe natetse ibishyimbo ku mashyiga ya Kinyarwanda (gakondo). Ubu nkoresha imyase ine mu guteka ibishyimbo ku mbabura zirondereza ibicanwa.”
Imbogamizi
Nubwo aba bagore bateye intambwe yo kubungabunga amashyamba, bavuga ko hari abatarabyumva ariko bazakomeza kwigisha. Ikindi ni uko bavuga ko bakeneye kwagura ibikorwa byabo, ariko ntabikoresho bihagije bafite kuko ubu bakoresha imashini imwe kandi itsinda ryabo rigizwe n’abantu batandatu.
Serusatsi Ildephonse ni umugabo uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 64 y’amavuko, akaba ari nawe Mugabo wenyine uri muri iri tsinda. Avuga ko imbogamizi ikomeye bafite ubu, ari uko badafite ibikoresho ndetse n’isoko ryo kugurisha Imbabura zabo kuko Umudugudu bari barasabwe kubimbira Imbabura abatishoboye wamaze kurangira.
Ati: “Haracyari urugendo kuko hari abatarumva kubungabunga amashyamba ari inshingano za muntu. Ikindi ni uko hari abavuga ko gutema amashyamba nta ngaruka byabagiraho, ariko impamvu ni uko bamwe badafite amakuru ahagaje bafite. Ntabwo tuzacika integer kugeza igihe abantu bose bazasobanukirwa n’akamaro ko kubungabunga amashyamba bakagabanya ibicanwa bakoresha.”
Akomeza avuga ko imashini bafite ifite ubushobozi bwo kubumba Imbabura 300 ku kwezi, ariko bifuza kubumba Imbabura 1000 ku kwezi bitewe nuko bafite abazikeneye benshi kandi kuzongera bakoresha imashini imwe bitakunda.
Sebagenzi Théogène, ni umuyobozi w’ umudugudu wa Kabari, Akagari ka Giseke, umurenge wa Ruramba mu karere ka Nyuguru, ari naho itsinda ry’aba bagore rikorera. Avuga ko babashimira uruhare bagira mu iterambere ry’akarere kabo by’umwihariko kubungabunga amashyamba.
Ati: “Iri tsinda ridufasha kwesa Imihigo by’umwihariko kubungabunga amashyamba, kubera ko babumba Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa tukaziha abaturage bacu batishoboye bo mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cy’ubudehe mu rwego rwo kugirango bagire uruhare mu kubungabunga amashyamba, bitewe muko badashobora kwigurira izi mbabura ubwabo.”
Yongeyeho ko iri tsinda ryafashije abaturage kugira isuku mu ngo zabo, kubera ko Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa zatumye barushaho kunoza isuku mu bikoni byabo.
Imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa zigabanya ikoreshwa ryinkwi ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 50% nk’uko bitangazwa n’ ikigo cy’igihigu cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA).
Ingano y’amashyamba mu Rwanda
Reta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije yatangije gahunda yo gutera amashyamba gusigasira no kubungabunga amashyamba ya kimeza no gushyigikira abantu bafite umuhate mu gutera amashyamba. U Rwanda muri rusange rufite amashyamba ari ku buso bwa hegitari 724,666 ari byo bingana na 30.4%.
Ibi biti birimo ibivangwa n’imyaka kandi hakaba hari gahunda yo kubyongera ku buryo muri 2024 bizaba bigeze kuri 85% no kongera ubuso buteyeho amashyamba.
This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Byukusenge Annonciata and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.
