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By Christohe Uwizeyimana
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA), ku bufatanye n’ikigo gitsura ubuziranenge mu Rwanda (RSB), Polisi y’u Rwanda, n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iby’isanzure (RSA) , bari mu bukangurambaga hirya no hino mu gihugu, bugamije guhugura abakoresha ibinyabiziga bisohora imyotsi yanduza ikirere kuyigabanya mu rwego wo kurengera ubuzima bw’abatuye u Rwanda n’abatuye isi muri rusanjye. Kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 31 Werurwe 2022, ubu bukangurambaga bwakorewe mu mujyi wa Huye aho bibukije abafite n’abakorerwa ibinyabiziga kugabanya umwuka uhumanya ikirere. Insanganyamatsiko y’ubu bukangurambaga igira iti:’’Ikinyabiziga kizima, umwuka mwiza.’’ Muri iki gikorwa, usibye gutanga ubutumwa, hagiye hanapimwa ibinyabiziga, harebwa ingano y’umwuka wanduye birekura mu kirere.
Mu byapimwe, basanze hari ibitujuje ubuziranenge birekura imyuka n’ibinyabutabire byanduza ikirere bikanagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima birimo; ‘Carbon Monoxide’ (CO),’ Sulfur Dioxide’ (SO2),’Lead,‘Particles Matter’ n’ibindi.Kuri ubu mu Rwanda,ibipimo ntarengwa ku mwuka wanduye woherezwa mu kirere byerekana ko, imodoka zakozwe mbere y’i 1992, zitagomba kurenza uduce (Particles) 2.000 tw’umwuka wanduye mu duce(Particles) 1.000.000 tw’umwuka wose zisohora. Imodoka zakozwe hagati y’i 1992 n’2004, ntizigomba kurenza uduce (Particles) 1.000 tw’umwuka wanduye mu duce(Particles) 1.000.000 tw’umwuka wose zisohora, izakozwe muri 2005 ntizigomba kurenza uduce (Particles) 600 tw’umwuka wanduye mu duce(Particles) 1.000.000 tw’umwuka wose zisohora. Muri ubu bukangurambaga hari izapimwe zigaragaza ko zirengeje ibyo bipimo, bityo buri wese ufite ikinyabiziga akaba yasabwe kugisuzumisha byaba ngombwa kigakorwa atiriwe ategereza kuzakoresha ‘Control Technique’.Ni ubutumwa bwakiriwe neza, aho abashoferi bavuze ko bagiye kwitwararika dore ko umwuka ari uwa twese bityo ukwiriye gusigasirwa.
Jean Pierre utawara imodoka yishimiye ubu bukangurambaga avuga ko agiye kujya yitwararika, agakoresha amavuta afite ubuziranenge, mu rwego rwo gukumira umwuka wanduye woherezwa mu kirere n’ibinyabiziga. Ati:’’ Ni ugukoresha amavuta afite ubuziranenge, kugirango moteri itabasha kuzamura umwotsi mwinshi.’’
Hakizimana Philippe ufite imodoka na we yagize ati:’’Abashoferi bagenzi banjye ubutumwa nabagenera; ni ukurushaho kwita ku binyabiziga byabo. Ni ibinyabiziga bidufasha gukora tukabaho ariko ntabwo twakwirengagiza na wa mwuka duhumeka. Icyo bakora ni ugusuzuma imodoka zabo uko bwije, uko bucyeye.’’
Bernard Kabera umukozi w’ikigo gitsura ubuziranenge mu Rwanda ‘Rwanda Standard Board,’ avuga ko hari abatunga ibinyabiziga byangiza ikirere ariko ntibapfe kubimenya,akaboneraho agasaba abantu bose kugira uruhare mu ikumirwa ry’umwuka wanduye woherezwa mu kirere.Ati:’’ Muri rusanjye abakoresha ibinyabiziga,turabasaba kubifata neza, ntibakoreshe ‘Control Technique’ mu buryo bwo gushaka impapuro ahubwo icyo gikorwa bagikore bashyizemo umutima, ari ibishoboka buri wese mbere yo kuva mu rugo yagakwiye kubanza gupima igikoresho cye, yabona yanduza ikirere ntave mu rugo.’’
Habineza Teobald umukozi wo mu kigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe isanzure ‘Rwanda Space Agency’, avuga ko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu Rwanda, mu mijyi, ibinyabiziga byohereza umwuka wanduye mu kirere ku ijanisha rya 40%. Asababuri wese ukoresha ibinyabiziga kwitwararika kuko uyu mwuka iyo ugeze mu kirere uteza ibibazo birimo ihinduka ry’ibihe, indwara z’ubuhumekero, iz’inzaduka, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije n’ibindi. Ati:’’Ingamba zihari ni uko twakora ibishoboka byose tukajya ku kigero cyo hasi, cy’umwuka wanduye duharanira kujya munsi y’igipimo giteganwa ku rwego rw’isi.’’
Mu mwaka wa 2012 mu Rwanda, impfu zisaga 2.200 zasanishijwe n’ihumana ry’ikirere, imibare ikagaragaza ko n’abivuje indwara zandurira mu myanya y’ubuhumekero mu bigo nderabuzima byo hirya no hino mu gihugu biyongereye bava kuri 1.682.321 muri 2012, bagera kuri 3.331.300 mu 2015. Mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’umwuka, ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda n’ibidukikije, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu 2015 yemeje ko ibinyabiziga bigomba gupimwa ingano y’imyotsi bisohora. Kugeza ubu, 90% by’abatuye
isi bahumeka umwuka wanduye, kandi abantu hafi miliyoni 7 bapfa buri mwaka bazize indwara zifitanye isano no guhumeka umwuka wanduye. Ihumana ry’ikirere rihombya isi miliyari 5 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu kwita ku buzima bw’abagerwaho ingaruka no guhumeka umwuka wanduye buri mwaka, kandi biteganyijwe ko kwangirika kw’akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba biturutse ku bikorwa bya muntu bizagabanya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ku gipimo cya 26% kugeza mu 2030.
Iteka rya Minisitiri rijyanye n’ihumana ry’ikirere rivuga ko umuntu ufite cyangwa ukoresha imashini ikoreshwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli agomba kuyisuzumisha no kuyitaho kugira ngo idasohora imyotsi irengeje ibipimo byemewe. Itegeko ryerekeye kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere mu Rwanda rivuga ko umuntu wese ufite ikinyabiziga gitwara abantu cyangwa ibintu, gisohora imyotsi, agomba kugenzura ingano y’imyotsi gisohora. Mu bikoresho bisohora imyotsi ituruka kubikomoka kuri Peteroli mu Rwanda harimo;imodoka, moto, moteri zitanga umuriro, (Generators), ibyuma bisya, imishani zo mu nganda,… Aba bose barasabwa kugabanya umwuka wanduza ikirere, usohorwa n’ibi byuma.Ubukangurambaga bugamije guhugura abakoresha ibinyabiziga bisohora imyotsi yanduza ikirere kuyigabanya, buri gukorwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, mu mijyi irimo Kigali, Huye, Gisenyi,.. Bukaba buzamara ukwezi. Contrôle Technique.
