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By Annonciata Byukusenge
Rwanda has experienced extensive deforestation caused by illegal logging to obtain timber for building and firewood and to make room for farming. Forest fires also affect parts of the forests and woodlands during the dry seasons. As a result, there is a remarkable decrease in the areas under forest cover.
In 2020, Rwanda had 190 kha of natural forest, extending over 7.0% of its land area. In 2024, it lost 910 ha of natural forest, equivalent to 500 kt of CO₂ emissions.
The main causes of deforestation in Rwanda are agriculture and high demand for wood products, charcoal, and timber, driven by a rapidly growing population. Other factors include illegal logging, forest fires, and land encroachment for settlement and grazing.
Causes of deforestation in Rwanda
Agriculture: Expansion of both subsistence and commercial agriculture is a primary driver, requiring land for crops, grazing, and settlements.
High demand for wood: There is a high consumption of wood for fuel (especially charcoal) and construction, as highlighted by the high demand for timber in the building and furniture industries.
Population growth: The rapid increase in population puts pressure on forest resources, leading to encroachment for settlement, agriculture, and other land uses.
Illegal logging: This is a significant threat, driven by the demand for timber for construction and firewood.
Forest fires: Fires, often occurring during dry seasons, damage and destroy forest areas.
Poor forest management: Ineffective management of both public and private plantations can lead to premature cutting, species mismatch, and limited potential, contributing to deforestation. FORESTRY IN RWANDA.
Status of Forest in Rwanda
Rwanda has 30.4% forest coverage, including diverse ecosystems. The majority (53.5%) are plantations, while only 18.1% are natural mountain rainforests. Conservation efforts focus on reforestation and sustainable forest management. Ministry of Environment.
